Partnership Limited by Shares (SCA) in Romania — Freelancer & Consultant Formation Guide
Look for jurisdictions with favorable pass-through taxation or digital nomad visas. Estonia's e-Residency or a US LLC (if non-US resident) are highly popular for minimizing bureaucracy.
Last verified: June 13, 2026
Corporate Tax
16.0%
State Tax
0.0%
Formation Cost
$100
Annual Fee
$0
Forming a Partnership Limited by Shares (SCA) in Romania as a Freelancer & Consultant means a total tax burden of 16.0% and an official formation cost of $100. This guide covers the steps, tax breakdown, banking options, and compliance requirements — all from verified data.
First-year total cost
≈ $2,800
Ongoing (per year)
≈ $1,600
Why Partnership Limited by Shares (SCA) for Freelancer & Consultant?
Independent professionals offering specialized services, advice, or creative work to clients globally. They typically require low-cost, low-maintenance corporate structures with easy invoicing and minimal administrative overhead.
Ideal for
- Software Developers
- Marketing Consultants
- Graphic Designers
- Management Advisors
- Copywriters
Challenges to watch
- Managing irregular cash flow
- Navigating cross-border withholding taxes
- Choosing between sole proprietorship and limited liability
- Handling multi-currency payments
Key decision criteria
- Personal liability protection
- Ease of opening a multi-currency business bank account (e.g., Wise, Revolut)
- Tax residency rules and double taxation treaties
- Annual compliance and accounting costs
Estimated breakdown (based on avg. $75,000 revenue)
Simulate with your own revenue →
VAT / Sales Tax
Standard rate 21%. Registration threshold: 395,000 RON. Non-resident providers of digital services to Romanian consumers must register for and charge 21% VAT, typically via the EU OSS scheme.
Banking & payments for Freelancer & Consultant
Opening a corporate bank account in Romania can be moderately difficult for non-resident founders due to strict KYC and AML regulations. Traditional banks usually require a physical visit or a notarized Power of Attorney, while fintechs like Revolut Business offer smoother remote alternatives.
Supported payment gateways
Remote-friendly accounts
Revolut Business
A highly popular digital alternative in Romania offering multi-currency accounts and remote onboarding for registered companies.
Wise
Excellent for international transactions and holding multiple currencies, with a fully remote setup process.
Partnership Limited by Shares (SCA) formation steps
Reserve the company name with the National Trade Register Office (ONRC), ensuring it includes the mandatory 'SCA' designation.
Draft the Articles of Association (Act Constitutiv) detailing the general and limited partners, share capital distribution, and management structure.
Deposit the minimum share capital of 90,000 RON into a corporate bank account and obtain a bank deposit certificate.
Secure a registered office address in Romania, providing the lease agreement and the landlord's written consent.
Prepare declarations on honor and notarized specimen signatures for the general partners (administrators) and limited partners.
Submit the complete incorporation dossier to the ONRC for registration and publication in the Official Gazette of Romania.
Register for tax purposes (VAT, corporate income tax) and submit the Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) declaration within the legal timeframe.
Freelancer & Consultant FAQ
Do I need to incorporate as a freelancer?
Not always. You can start as a sole proprietor, but incorporating (like an LLC) protects your personal assets and can offer tax advantages as your income grows.
Which country is best for a freelance consultant?
It depends on your tax residency. Non-US residents often choose US LLCs (Wyoming or Delaware) for 0% corporate tax on foreign income, or Estonia for its seamless digital administration.
How do I receive international payments?
Most freelancers use digital banking platforms like Wise, Payoneer, or Revolut Business, which integrate well with US LLCs and UK LTDs.
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Related guides
Complete Partnership Limited by Shares (SCA) guide
Taxes, requirements, banking, compliance
Partnership Limited by Shares (SCA) cost calculator
One-time and annual cost breakdown
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