Joint Liability Company in Georgia — Holding Company Formation Guide
Choose jurisdictions with extensive double taxation treaty networks, participation exemptions for dividends, and zero or low capital gains tax on the sale of shares.
Last verified: June 13, 2026
Corporate Tax
15.0%
State Tax
0.0%
Formation Cost
$40
Annual Fee
$0
Forming a Joint Liability Company in Georgia as a Holding Company means a total tax burden of 15.0% and an official formation cost of $40. There is no minimum capital requirement. Standard formation takes 2-3 business days, or 1 business day expedited. No local director is required; the process can be managed remotely. This guide covers the steps, tax breakdown, banking options, and compliance requirements — all from verified data.
First-year total cost
≈ $1,290
Ongoing (per year)
≈ $800
Why Joint Liability Company for Holding Company?
A holding company is a parent entity that owns enough voting stock in another company to control its policies and management. It exists primarily to hold assets, intellectual property, or investments rather than producing goods or services itself.
Ideal for
- Serial entrepreneurs
- Families managing generational wealth
- Corporate groups with multiple subsidiaries
- Investors holding diverse asset portfolios (real estate, IP, stocks)
Challenges to watch
- Complex regulatory compliance
- Strict economic substance requirements
- Transfer pricing rules and documentation
- Higher setup and annual maintenance costs
Key decision criteria
- Participation exemption rules for tax-free dividends
- Withholding tax rates on dividends and royalties
- Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules
- Local economic substance regulations
Joint Liability Company formation requirements
Minimum capital
None
Standard timeline
2-3 business days
Expedited timeline
1 business day
Local director
Not required
Registered office
Virtual office allowed
Notarization
Required
Foreigners can act as directors and partners without any residency restrictions.
Estimated breakdown (based on avg. $1,000,000 revenue)
Simulate with your own revenue →
VAT / Sales Tax
Standard rate 18%. Registration threshold: 100,000 GEL. Non-resident providers of digital services to Georgian consumers are required to register and charge 18% VAT on these services.
Banking & payments for Holding Company
Opening a corporate bank account in Georgia has become stricter for non-residents due to enhanced KYC regulations. While multi-currency accounts are standard, traditional banks like TBC and Bank of Georgia typically require physical presence, proof of local substance, or detailed business contracts. Remote opening via Power of Attorney is possible but faces higher rejection rates.
Supported payment gateways
Remote-friendly accounts
Payze
A popular Georgian fintech and payment gateway that allows local companies to accept international payments easily. Very friendly to digital businesses.
Payoneer
Widely used by Georgian IT companies and freelancers to receive USD/EUR payments globally, as traditional platforms like Stripe are not natively supported.
Georgia incentives & advantages
Virtual Zone Person (VZP)
0% Corporate Income Tax and 0% VAT on export revenues.
Free Industrial Zone (FIZ)
0% Corporate Tax, 0% Property Tax, 0% VAT, and 0% Customs Duties on imports/exports.
International Company Status (ICS)
Reduced 5% Corporate Income Tax, 5% Personal Income Tax on salaries, and 0% Dividend Tax.
Joint Liability Company formation steps
Choose and verify a unique business name with the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR).
Draft and sign the Partnership Agreement (Charter) detailing profit shares, liabilities, and management rules.
Obtain a registered legal address in Georgia (a virtual office provider can be used).
Notarize and apostille the passports of all partners and a Power of Attorney if forming the company remotely.
Submit the application and pay the state registration fee (100 GEL for standard 1-day processing, 200 GEL for same-day expedited).
Receive the Extract from the Registry and the 9-digit Identification Number confirming the company's legal existence.
Register with the Revenue Service of Georgia for tax purposes and open a corporate bank account.
Holding Company FAQ
What is the main benefit of a holding company?
Asset protection and tax efficiency. It isolates financial risk so that if a subsidiary fails, the holding company's other assets remain protected.
Where are the best jurisdictions for holding companies?
Popular jurisdictions include the UK, Singapore, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and the UAE, due to their favorable tax exemptions on dividends and capital gains.
Do holding companies need physical offices?
Yes, increasingly so. Many jurisdictions now enforce 'economic substance' laws requiring holding companies to have local directors, physical office space, and adequate local expenditure.
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Related terms
Key concepts you'll encounter when forming a Holding Company
Related guides
Complete Joint Liability Company guide
Taxes, requirements, banking, compliance
Joint Liability Company cost calculator
One-time and annual cost breakdown
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