Exempt Private Company (EPC) in Singapore — Holding Company Formation Guide
Choose jurisdictions with extensive double taxation treaty networks, participation exemptions for dividends, and zero or low capital gains tax on the sale of shares.
Last verified: June 13, 2026
Corporate Tax
17.0%
State Tax
0.0%
Formation Cost
$245
Annual Fee
$47
Forming a Exempt Private Company (EPC) in Singapore as a Holding Company means a total tax burden of 17.0% and an official formation cost of $245. The minimum capital requirement is 1 USD. Standard formation takes 1-3 business days, or 1 business day expedited. This guide covers the steps, tax breakdown, banking options, and compliance requirements — all from verified data.
First-year total cost
≈ $2,883
Ongoing (per year)
≈ $2,695
Why Exempt Private Company (EPC) for Holding Company?
A holding company is a parent entity that owns enough voting stock in another company to control its policies and management. It exists primarily to hold assets, intellectual property, or investments rather than producing goods or services itself.
Ideal for
- Serial entrepreneurs
- Families managing generational wealth
- Corporate groups with multiple subsidiaries
- Investors holding diverse asset portfolios (real estate, IP, stocks)
Challenges to watch
- Complex regulatory compliance
- Strict economic substance requirements
- Transfer pricing rules and documentation
- Higher setup and annual maintenance costs
Key decision criteria
- Participation exemption rules for tax-free dividends
- Withholding tax rates on dividends and royalties
- Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules
- Local economic substance regulations
Exempt Private Company (EPC) formation requirements
Minimum capital
1 USD
Standard timeline
1-3 business days
Expedited timeline
1 business day
Local director
Required
Registered office
Virtual office allowed
Notarization
Not required
Foreign founders must hire a resident Nominee Director.
Estimated breakdown (based on avg. $1,000,000 revenue)
Simulate with your own revenue →
VAT / Sales Tax
Standard rate 9%. Registration threshold: 1,000,000 SGD. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is 9% as of 2026. Under the Overseas Vendor Registration (OVR) regime, foreign digital service providers must register and charge GST if their global turnover exceeds S$1 million and B2C sales to Singapore exceed S$100,000.
Banking & payments for Holding Company
Opening a traditional bank account (e.g., DBS, OCBC) as a non-resident founder is highly challenging and usually requires an in-person visit to Singapore. However, digital platforms like Aspire, Airwallex, and Wise offer fully remote onboarding for EPCs, provided you pass their strict KYC and compliance checks. Having a clear business model and proof of identity is essential.
Supported payment gateways
Remote-friendly accounts
Aspire
Top choice for modern startups and non-residents, offering fully remote onboarding, multi-currency accounts, and seamless integration with accounting software.
Airwallex
Great for e-commerce and global businesses needing virtual cards, payment links, and low-cost cross-border transfers.
Wise Business
Ideal for holding multiple currencies and paying international contractors with transparent, mid-market exchange rates.
Singapore incentives & advantages
Start-Up Tax Exemption (SUTE)
75% exemption on the first S$100,000 of normal chargeable income; 50% exemption on the next S$100,000.
Partial Tax Exemption (PTE)
75% exemption on the first S$10,000 of normal chargeable income; 50% exemption on the next S$190,000.
Exempt Private Company (EPC) formation steps
Step 1: Choose a compliant company name and reserve it via the ACRA BizFile+ portal (S$15 fee).
Step 2: Prepare the incorporation documents, including the company constitution and signed consent forms from the proposed directors and secretary.
Step 3: Appoint at least one resident director (Singapore Citizen, Permanent Resident, or eligible Employment Pass holder). Foreigners typically engage a Nominee Director.
Step 4: Secure a local registered office address in Singapore (P.O. boxes are not permitted).
Step 5: Submit the formal incorporation application and pay the S$300 registration fee to ACRA through a registered corporate service provider.
Step 6: Receive the electronic Certificate of Incorporation and Business Profile from ACRA, usually within 1 to 3 business days.
Step 7: Appoint a qualified Company Secretary within 6 months of incorporation.
Step 8: Open a corporate bank account and register for Goods and Services Tax (GST) if your annual taxable turnover is expected to exceed S$1 million.
Holding Company FAQ
What is the main benefit of a holding company?
Asset protection and tax efficiency. It isolates financial risk so that if a subsidiary fails, the holding company's other assets remain protected.
Where are the best jurisdictions for holding companies?
Popular jurisdictions include the UK, Singapore, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and the UAE, due to their favorable tax exemptions on dividends and capital gains.
Do holding companies need physical offices?
Yes, increasingly so. Many jurisdictions now enforce 'economic substance' laws requiring holding companies to have local directors, physical office space, and adequate local expenditure.
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Related terms
Key concepts you'll encounter when forming a Holding Company
Related guides
Complete Exempt Private Company (EPC) guide
Taxes, requirements, banking, compliance
Exempt Private Company (EPC) cost calculator
One-time and annual cost breakdown
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