Single-Member Limited Liability Company (EOOD) in Bulgaria — Game Development Studio Formation Guide
Prioritize jurisdictions with strong Intellectual Property (IP) protection and favorable R&D tax credits. If you plan to publish on Steam, Epic, or mobile app stores, consider the withholding tax treaties between your company's jurisdiction and the US to avoid double taxation on royalties.
Last verified: June 13, 2026
Corporate Tax
10.0%
State Tax
0.0%
Formation Cost
$30
Annual Fee
$16
Forming a Single-Member Limited Liability Company (EOOD) in Bulgaria as a Game Development Studio means a total tax burden of 10.0% and an official formation cost of $30. This guide covers the steps, tax breakdown, banking options, and compliance requirements — all from verified data.
First-year total cost
≈ $2,060
Ongoing (per year)
≈ $1,400
Why Single-Member Limited Liability Company (EOOD) for Game Development Studio?
A business model focused on designing, developing, and monetizing video games for PC, console, mobile, or VR platforms. Revenue typically comes from premium sales, in-app purchases, subscriptions, or publisher funding.
Ideal for
- Indie game developers
- Mobile app creators
- VR/AR studios
- Esports game developers
Challenges to watch
- Long development cycles with delayed revenue
- High platform fees (e.g., 30% on Steam/Apple)
- Complex international withholding taxes on royalties
- Protecting intellectual property and game assets
Key decision criteria
- US tax treaty network for royalty withholding taxes
- Availability of R&D tax incentives or video game tax reliefs (VGTR)
- Strong IP assignment laws for contractors and employees
- Access to global payment gateways for direct sales
Estimated breakdown (based on avg. $250,000 revenue)
Simulate with your own revenue →
VAT / Sales Tax
Standard rate 20%. Registration threshold: 51,130 EUR. Foreign providers of digital services to Bulgarian consumers must charge 20% VAT, which can be reported through the EU One-Stop Shop (OSS) scheme.
Single-Member Limited Liability Company (EOOD) formation steps
Choose and reserve a unique company name with the Bulgarian Commercial Register.
Draft the Founding Act (Articles of Association) and standard management declarations.
Notarize and apostille the Power of Attorney and specimen signatures in your home country (if forming remotely).
Courier the original apostilled documents to your legal representative in Bulgaria.
Open a capital accumulation bank account and deposit the minimum share capital of 2 BGN (1 EUR).
Submit the incorporation documents and pay the state filing fees to the Bulgarian Registry Agency.
Obtain the Unified Identification Code (UIC/EIK) upon successful registration (usually within 3-7 days).
Register for VAT (mandatory if turnover exceeds 100,000 BGN or for intra-EU B2B services) and open an operational corporate bank account.
Game Development Studio FAQ
Why does the US tax treaty matter for game developers?
Major platforms like Steam and Apple are US-based. Without a favorable tax treaty, the IRS may withhold up to 30% of your US sales revenue. Incorporating in a jurisdiction with a 0% or low treaty rate for royalties is crucial.
Should I incorporate before starting development?
Yes, incorporating early ensures that all IP created by founders and contractors is legally owned by the company from day one, making it much easier to secure publishers or investors later.
What are R&D tax credits?
Many countries offer tax incentives for software development. Jurisdictions like the UK, Canada, or France provide specific tax reliefs for video game production, which can significantly lower your effective tax rate or provide cash rebates.
Ready to form your Single-Member Limited Liability Company (EOOD)?
Trusted formation partners are coming soon.
Related guides
Complete Single-Member Limited Liability Company (EOOD) guide
Taxes, requirements, banking, compliance
Single-Member Limited Liability Company (EOOD) cost calculator
One-time and annual cost breakdown
🇨🇾 Game Development Studio — Variable Capital Investment Company (VCIC)
Tax 15.0% · formation $180
🇨🇾 Game Development Studio — Company Limited by Guarantee
Tax 15.0% · formation $265
🇨🇾 Game Development Studio — Sole Proprietorship
Tax 0.0% · formation $100
🇨🇾 Game Development Studio — Limited Partnership
Tax 15.0% · formation $140
🚀 SaaS Startup — Single-Member Limited Liability Company (EOOD)
Same entity, different business model guide
📦 Amazon FBA & E-Commerce — Single-Member Limited Liability Company (EOOD)
Same entity, different business model guide